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Deretan Kampus Tertua di Dunia, Ada yang Sejak Tahun 700
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titiknolenglish.com – Halo TNers, ilmu pengetahuan adalah salah satu bentuk peradaban manusia. Berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan juga mendorong kepada kemajuan suatu peradaban. Sejak dulu manusia mengembangkan ilmu dan keahlian serta mencari tahu tentang kebenaran-kebenaran yang ada di alam semesta. Karena itulah lahir sebuah universitas. Nah, kali ini Minol akan membahas seputar universitas atau kampus tertua di dunia, bahkan ada yang sudah ada sejak abad ke 7 masehi. Yuk baca artikelnya sampai habis.
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Daftar Kampus Tertua di Dunia
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Berikut adalah daftarnya:
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1. University of Qarawiyyin (Maroko) – 859 M
[/fusion_title][fusion_imageframe custom_aspect_ratio=”100″ lightbox=”no” linktarget=”_self” align_medium=”none” align_small=”none” align=”center” hover_type=”none” magnify_duration=”120″ scroll_height=”100″ scroll_speed=”1″ caption_style=”off” caption_align_medium=”none” caption_align_small=”none” caption_align=”none” caption_title_tag=”2″ animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ image_id=”48011|fusion-800″]https://titiknolenglish.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/960px-Al-Qarawiyyin_University__Fes__Morocco_-_Var_132-800×600.webp[/fusion_imageframe][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ margin_top=”0px” hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”avada” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” background_slider_skip_lazy_loading=”no” background_slider_loop=”yes” background_slider_pause_on_hover=”no” background_slider_slideshow_speed=”5000″ background_slider_animation=”fade” background_slider_direction=”up” background_slider_animation_speed=”800″ sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”true” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_text animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky”]
Yang pertama adalah University of Qarawiyyin atau bisa juga disebut sebagai Al-Qarawiyyin. Universitas ini didirikan pada tahun 859 masehi oleh Fatima Al-Fihri. Awalnya Al-Qarawiyyin adalah sebuah masjid yang kemudian berkembang menjadi madrasah atau tempat untuk belajar agama islam. Selain itu Al-Qarawiyyin juga kerap dijadikan tempat untuk berdiskusi politik pada masa itu.
Lalu dengan semangat belajar yang tinggi, Al-Qarawiyyin kemudian berkembang menjadi tempat untuk belajar ilmu yang lebih luas, khususnya ilmu-ilmu alam seperti matematika, astronomi, dan kedokteran.
Al-Qarawiyyin kemudian berkembang menjadi sebuah universitas yang memberikan gelar akademik pada tahun 1947. Hingga kini, Al-Qarawiyyin masih beroperasi sebagai sebuah universitas. Akan tetapi pada tahun 1975, studi keilmuan umum dialihkan ke Universitas Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, dan University of Qarawiyyin lebih fokus kepada studi agama dan teologi.
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2. Al-Azhar University (Mesir) – 975 M
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Kampus tertua di dunia selanjutnya adalah Universitas Al-Azhar yang ada di Kairo, Mesir. Universiats ini telah berdiri pada 975 masehi. Universitas ini didirikan oleh Bani Fatimiyah dan mengambil nama dari Putri Nabi Muhammad yaitu Sayyidah Fatimah az-Zahra.
Al-Azhar pertama kali dibangun pada 970 masehi, dan pembangunannya selesai pada tahun 972 masehi. Awalnya Al-Azhar juga didirikan sebagai sebuah masjid yang juga digunakan untuk perkumpulan para ulama. Perkumpulan ini dilakukan untuk belajar seputar agama dan hukum, dan karena itulah Al-Azhar kemudian menjadi sebuah madrasah, dan dilakukan pembelajaran pertama pada tahun 975.
Pada saat itu keilmuan yang diajarkan di universitas ini adalah seputar hukum, tata bahasa, filsafat, ilmu logika, dan astronomi. Selanjutnya pada tahun 1961, Al-Azhar resmi dinyatakan sebagai sebuah universitas dan menambahkan berbagai studi modern.
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3. University of Bologna (Italia) – 1088 M
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Selanjutnya adalah University of Bologna, universitas ini ada di Italia dan didirikan pada tahun 1088. Universitas ini mendapatkan predikat sebagai universitas tertua di Eropa. Universitas ini menjadi universitas pertama yang mengadopsi istilah almamater dalam istilah akademis.
Universitas ini memiliki 31 departemen serta 5 sekolah. Selain itu, University of Bologna juga memiliki 12 fasilitas penelitian dan pelatihan antardepartemen. Universitas ini tidak hanya memiliki sejarah yang panjang, namun juga menjadi salah satu universiats terbaik di Italia.
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4. University of Oxford (UK) – 1096 M
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Berbicara soal kampus tertua di dunia, pasti sebagian orang menyangka bahwa University of Oxford yang tertua. Namun tidak salah juga. Sebanrnya berdirinya universitas ini tidak diketahui dengan pasti, namun berdasarkan bukti-bukti pengajaran yang telah ada, universitas ini berdiri pada 1096.
Universitas ini awalnya terafiliasi dengan gereja dan mengajarkan tentang teologi, kedokteran, seni, dan hukum. Awalnya University of Oxford tidak memiliki bangunan utama. Pembelajaran di universitas ini dilakukan di gereja, atau sebuah aula yang disewa. Fakta menarik, universitas ini juga menjadi cikal bakal berdirinya Cambridge University, karena beberapa akademisinya melarikan diri ke Cambridge.
Universitas ini sekarang telah berkembang menjadi universitas yang besar dan mendunia. Sudah bertahun-tahun University of Oxford menempati peringkat 10 besar universitas terbaik yang ikut andil dalam membangun dunia.
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5. University of Salamanca (Spanyol) – 1134 M
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Selanjutnya ada Universty of Salamanca di Spanyol, universitas ini telah berdiri sejak tahun 1134 masehi. Universitas ini awalnya didirikan sebagai sekolah katedral yang mengajarkan teologi. Pergantiannya dari sekolah menjadi sebuah universitas terjadi pada tahun 1218.
Universitas ini menerima piagam kerajaan dari raja Alfonso X pada tahun 1254 dan menetapkan aturan pada universitas tersebut. Piagam tersebut juga menjadi pengakuan pada gelar universitas tersebut secara universal.
Fakta menariknya, universitas ini menjadi tempat permohonan bagi Cristopher Columbus untuk mengajukan permohonan serta mendapatkan dukungan untuk melakukan ekspedisi Hindia pada abad ke 15.
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6. University of Paris (Perancis) – 1150 M
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University of Paris didirikan pada tahun 1150 masehi dan menjadi bagian dari sekolah katedral sebagai tempat belajar teologi. Awalnya universitas ini adalah perkumpulan yang dibentuk untuk para pedagang dan seniman. Kata universitas merujuk pada kata “serikat” sebagai sebuah perkumpulan. Dan universitas ini memiliki penyebutan sebagai universitas magistrorum et scholarium, yang artinya “serikat ahli dan cendekiawan”.
Universitas ini unggul dalam bidang studi humaniora pada abad pertengahan, khsusnya untuk bidang studi filsafat. Universitas ini melahirkan sejumlah paus, bangsawan, ilmuwan, dan kaum intelektual.
Kini University of Paris telah terbagi menjadi 13 universitas dan tersebar di seluruh kota Paris. Dari 13 kampus tersebut, Sorbonne University menduduki peringkat ke-83 di dunia.
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7. University of Cambridge (UK) – 1209 M
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Selanjutnya adalah University of Cambridge. Sebelumnya telah disinggung bahwa universitas ini didirikan oleh akademisi dari University of Oxford yang melarikan diri Cambridge. Pelarian ini berhubungan dengan perselisihan antara para sarjana universitas dengan warga di Oxford.
Cambridge sendiri merupakan kota yang ramah dan berkaitan erat dengan pengembangan reputasi intelektual dan teologi. Karena itulah kota ini menjadi tujuan pelarian bagi para sarjana yang kemudian mendirikan sebuah universitas yang terinspirasi oleh University of Oxford.
Kini University of Cambridge menjadi salah satu universitas terbaik di dunia dan selalu menempati 10 besar. Dan universitas ini menjadi rival utama bagi University of Oxford karena reputasinya yang terus berkembang dan salip menyalip dalam pemeringkatan universitas.
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Nah, itulah jajaran universitas tertua di dunia. Budaya intelektual telah sejak lama menjadi kebudayaan tinggi di dunia. Ilmu pengetahuan juga telah menjadikan masyarakat memiliki sistem dan tata aturan yang menjadikan kehidupan lebih baik. Selain itu ilmu pengetahuan juga menciptakan teknologi yang mempermudah manusia untuk hidup.
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