Active and Passive Voice - Pengertian, Rumus, dan Contoh
Memahami konsep active and passive voice sangatlah penting dalam proses belajar bahasa Inggris. Dengan menguasai active and passive voice, seseorang dapat lebih fleksibel dalam menyusun kalimat. Penggunaannya pun memerlukan pemahaman akan perubahan dalam berbagai komposisi. Simak penjelasan lengkap di bawah!
Apa Itu Active and Passive Voice?
Active and passive voice adalah dua bentuk kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris yang menunjukkan hubungan antara subjek dan tindakan dalam suatu kalimat.
Active Voice
Dalam active voice, subjek melakukan tindakan secara langsung terhadap objek. Struktur dasar dari active voice adalah Subjek + Verb + Objek.
- She writes a letter. (Dia menulis sebuah surat.)
- They are watching a movie. (Mereka sedang menonton film.)
Passive Voice
Sementara itu, passive voice digunakan ketika fokus kalimat berada pada objek yang menerima aksi, bukan pada subjek yang melakukan aksi. Struktur dari passive voice adalah Objek + to be + Past Participle + (by + Subjek).
- A letter is written by her. (Sebuah surat ditulis olehnya.)
- A movie is being watched by them. (Sebuah film sedang ditonton oleh mereka.)
Perbedaan Active Voice and Passive Voice
Untuk memahami lebih dalam, perhatikan tabel perbedaan berikut.
Active voice | Passive voice |
She cooks dinner. | Dinner is cooked by her. |
They ride a bike. | A bike is ridden by them. |
The teacher teaches English. | English is taught by the teacher. |
Penggunaan Active and Passive Voice dalam 16 Tenses
Active and passive voice dapat digunakan dalam semua 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris. Berikut contoh penerapannya.
- Simple Present Tense
- Active: He cleans the house.
- Passive: The house is cleaned by him.
- Present Continuous Tense
- Active: They are repairing the car.
- Passive: The car is being repaired by them.
- Simple Past Tense
- Active: He finished the project.
- Passive: The project was finished by him.
- Past Continuous Tense
- Active: He was cooking dinner.
- Passive: Dinner was being cooked by him.
- Present Perfect Tense
- Active: They have completed the assignment.
- Passive: The assignment has been completed by them.
- Past Perfect Tense
- Active: He had written a letter.
- Passive: The letter had been written by him.
- Simple Future Tense
- Active: She will buy a new car.
- Passive: A new car will be bought by her.
- Future Continuous Tense
- Active: They will be watching the movie.
- Passive: The movie will be being watched by them.
- Future Perfect Tense
- Active: He will have finished the report
- Passive: The report will have been finished by him.
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- Active: She will have been writing the book for two months.
- Passive: The book will have been written by her for two months.
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- Active: He has been painting the house.
- Passive: The house has been being painted by him.
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Active: They had been fixing the car.
- Passive: The car had been fixed by him.
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- Active: She will have been studying English for five years.
- Passive: English will have been studied by her for five years.
- Conditional Present
- Active: If he studies, he will pass the exam.
- Passive: If the exam is studied for, it will be passed by him.
- Conditional Past
- Active: If he had studied, he would have passed the exam.
- Passive: If the exam had been studied for, it would have been passed by him.
- Conditional Future
- Active: If he studies, he will be passing the exam next month.
- Passive: If the exam is studied for, it will be passed by him next month.
Baca juga: Conditionals dalam Bahasa Inggris – Penjelasan dan Contoh
Kapan Waktu yang Tepat untuk Menggunakannya?
Penggunaan active and passive voice tergantung pada tujuan komunikasi. Active voice sering digunakan dalam tulisan atau percakapan sehari-hari karena lebih lugas dan jelas. Sementara itu, passive voice lebih banyak digunakan dalam tulisan akademik, laporan, atau ketika fokus utama ada pada objek, bukan pada pelaku.
Cara Mengubah Kalimat dari aktif ke pasif
Untuk mengubahnya, kamu dapat mengikuti langkah-langkah berikut.
- Pindahkan objek aktif menjadi subjek pasif.
- Tambahkan kata kerja bantu (to be) sesuai tenses kalimat.
- Gunakan bentuk past participle dari kata kerja utama.
- Tambahkan by + subjek jika diperlukan.
Contoh:
- Active: The manager approved the proposal.
- Passive: The proposal was approved by the manager.
Kesimpulan
Memahami active and passive voice sangat penting bagi seseorang yang sedang belajar bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena itu kamu dapat mengikuti kursus yang disediakan oleh Kampung Inggris Jogja sebagai solusinya. Kelas yang interaktif akan membantu proses belajar lebih ringan. Yuk gabung sekarang!
